The current LCSH heading for Palestinians is Palestinian Arabs.
In 2016, a proposal to change Palestinian Arabs to Palestinians was rejected on LCDGT with the option to resubmit as a new heading. It was resubmitted so LCDGT has Palestinians and Palestinian Arabs.
https://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc/saco/cpsoed/psd-160516.html
This was the original rejection:
Palestinian Arabs are not the same as Palestinians, since Christians and Muslims also live in Palestine. LCDGT general policy is that if an ethnic group is also the demonym for a country, the term is included as a national/regional group. Due to the sensitivity of this particular location, though, separate headings for Palestinians as a national/regional group and Palestinian Arabs as an ethnic group are advisable. The proposal may be resubmitted.
Based on the statement for the LCDGT and the eventual acceptance of Palestinians as a heading, I think LC would accept it as LCSH too.
The original idea for this was to propose a new heading for Palestinians, but after consulting experts I am going to propose changing Palestinian Arabs to Palestinians.
Palestinian Arabs should be changed to Palestinians in LCSH and LCC:
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- It is the term Palestinians use for themselves;
- It accurately recognizes that Palestinian identity can include multiple groups and religions including Arabs, Armenians, Christians, Muslims, and Jews;
- There is plenty of literary warrant for this form–the 670s on the existing Palestinian Arabs records support the form Palestinians;
- Most records using Palestinian Arabs are not specific to Arabs. Since Palestinians is a broader term, it will not be inaccurate on the legacy records to make this change;
- Creates consistency across all Palestinian headings
- The following headings already exist in LCSH:
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- Arts, Palestinian
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- Civics, Palestinian
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- Diplomatic and consular service, Palestinian
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- National characteristics, Palestinian
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- National characteristics, Palestinian, in literature
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- Palestinian Americans
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- Palestinian periodicals
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- Palestinian wit and humor, Pictorial
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- Political posters, Palestinian
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- Refugee property, Palestinian
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- Syriac language, Palestinian
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- Terra-cotta sculpture, Palestinian
- Adds the heading Arabs $z Palestine to align with SACO policy;
- Consistent with instances in LCC (see E184.P33, F3619.P35, DS80.55.P34, BT93.8)
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There are 81 records that will need to be revised if Palestinian Arabs is changed. However, 37 of these are validation records so only 44 will need to be added to the monthly list. There are also 17 edits to LCC to make it consistent.
New Heading for Arabs $z Palestine
150 $a Arabs $z Palestine
450 $a Arab in Palestine
450 $a Arab Palestinians
450 $a Palestinian Arabs
550 $w g $a Palestinians [Broader term]
550 $w g $a Ethnology $z Middle East [Broader term]
670 $a Asaf Darr. Between conflict and collegiality: Palestinian Arabs and Jews in the Israeli workplace, 2023 $w (OCoLC)1346616931
670 $a Yehoshua Porath. The Palestinian Arab national movement : from riots to rebellion, 1977 $w (OCoLC)4444717
670 $a The Palestine Arab case, a statement by the Arab Higher Committee, the body representing the Palestine Arabs, 1947 $w (OCoLC)950988
670 $a Dictionary of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, 2005 (The conflict that has pitted since 1948 the State of Israel against its Arab neighbors is the direct result of the decision by the United Nations to divide Palestine into two states, one Jewish and the other Arab, but the origins of the conflict have their roots in the history of the Middle East.)
680 $a Here are entered works on the Arab population in Palestine. For works on Palestinians and Palestinian identity, use $a Palestinians.
952 $a LC pattern: Arabs — Pakistan; Arabs — Spain
952 $a Created as a part of the project to change Palestinian Arabs to Palestinians.
Revision of Palestinian Arabs to Palestinians
010 $a sh 85097188
035 $a (DLC)sh 85097188
035 $a (DLC)93768
040 $a DLC $c DLC $d DLC
150 $a Palestinian Arabs
150 $a Palestinians
450 $a Arab Palestinians
450 $a Arabs $z Palestine
450 $w nne $a Arabs in Palestine [Former heading]
450 $w nne $a Palestinian Arabs [Former heading]
450 $a Palestinians
550 $w g $a Arabs $z Palestine [Narrower term]
550 $w g $a Ethnology $z Palestine [Broader term]
670 $a The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism, viewed January 25, 2023 $b Palestinians (The word “Palestinians” is used today in reference to the Muslims, Christians, and Jews who inhabited the corridor between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea before 1948. The descendants of the Muslim and Christian communities consider themselves Palestinian regardless of where they live and what citizenships they have.)
670 $a Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa, 2004: $b Palestinians (a people who consider themselves descendants of the Canaanites, and other peoples who have settled in Palestine since ancient times. The name Palestinian applies in contemporary times to Muslim and Christian Arabs who inhabited Palestine as a consolidated community until the creation of Israel in May 1948) Palestinian citizens of Israel (until 1948, both Jewish and Arab residents of Palestine were called Palestinians. After 1948, both Jewish and Arab citizens of Israel were called Israelis. In recent years, many Arab citizens of Israel preferred to be called Palestinians)
670 $aCultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, & Africa: an encyclopedia, 2012: $b Palestine (The first known reference to the Palestinians as a unique people (and not just as Arabs) was in a document presented by the Palestinians to the British in 1928)
670 $aEncyclopedia of the Palestinians, 2017: $b Palestinian citizens of Israel (also known as Israeli Arabs; approximately 78 percent of Israeli Palestinians are Muslim, 12 percent Christian, and 10 percent Druze. The Muslim majority includes a small number of non-Arab Circassians. Aside from a shared identity as Palestinians, the Arabs in Israel have a great deal in common with Palestinians who came under Israeli rule in the West Bank and Gaza Strip as a result of the Arab-Israeli War of 1967)
670 $aCassell’s Peoples, Nations and Cultures, 2005: $b Palestinians (an Arab people descended from a mixture of those who invaded Palestine during the Islamic conquest in AD 638 and other indigenous peoples)
670 $a Répertoire de vedettes-matière (RVM), viewed on Feb. 1, 2024 : $b (Palestiniens) $u https://rvmweb.bibl.ulaval.ca/rvmweb/recherche/relancerRecherche.do?terme=Palestiniens&type=exacte&ongletActif=thesaurus&repertoire=RVMFAST
670 $a LC Demographic Group Terms, viewed February 2, 2024 $b (Palestinians; residents of Gaza Strip, West Bank, and the Arab sector of Jerusalem collectively)
670 $a Sears list of canceled and replaced headings 2022, viewed January 25, 2023 : $b (Palestinians replaced Palestinian Arabs) $u https://searslistofsubjectheadings.com/page/canceled
670 $a Illan Pappé. The forgotten Palestinians: a history of the Palestinians in Israel, 2011 $w (OCoLC)670481500
670 $a Edward Said. The politics of dispossession: the struggle for Palestinian self-determination, 1969-1994, 1994 $w (OCoLC)29183347
952 $a LC pattern: Armenians, Bedouins, Kurds
952 $a 37 validation records exist that will need to be changed
980 $a Here are entered works on the Palestinian people who inhabited Palestine prior to the establishment of the state of Israel 1948 and their descendants. Palestinian Arabs and Palestinians are often conflated because the majority of the Palestinian population is Arab Muslim. However, Palestinian is a broader identity that includes Christian, Druze, Greeks, non-Arab Circassians, and other groups. For works specific to Arabs in Palestine, include the heading $a Arabs — Palestine.
906 $t 8722 $u fk05 $v 0
953 $a xx00 $b sf12
Original idea:
New Heading
150 $a Palestinians
550 $w g $a Ethnology $z Middle East
670 $a The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism, viewed January 25, 2023 $b Palestinians (The word “Palestinians” is used today in reference to the Muslims, Christians, and Jews who inhabited the corridor between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea before 1948. The descendants of the Muslim and Christian communities consider themselves Palestinian regardless of where they live and what citizenships they have.)
670 $a Illan Pappé. The forgotten Palestinians: a history of the Palestinians in Israel, 2011 $w 670481500
670 $a Edward Said. The politics of dispossession: the struggle for Palestinian self-determination, 1969-1994, 1994 $w 29183347
670 $a Sears list of canceled and replaced headings 2022, viewed January 25, 2023 : $b (Palestinians) $u https://searslistofsubjectheadings.com/page/canceled
952 $a LC pattern: Assyrians, Armenians
952 $a LCGDT has two terms: Palestinians and Palestinians Arabs.
There remains a question of how to revise the existing Palestinian Arabs:
In addition to adding a heading, normalize Palestinian Arabs in accordance with other LCSH, change Palestinian Arabs to Arabs $z Palestine. The downside to this is that the word Palestinian will not be in the legacy records.
If possible, in existing records split Palestinian Arabs into two headings: Arabs $z Palestine and Palestinians?
Palestinian Arabs –> Arabs $z Palestine
New Heading –> Palestinians
Revision of Palestinian Arabs to Arabs $z Palestine
010 $a sh 85097188
035 $a (DLC)sh 85097188
035 $a (DLC)93768
040 $a DLC $c DLC $d DLC
150 $a Palestinian Arabs
150 $a Arabs $z Palestine
450 $a Arab Palestinians
450 $a Arabs $z Palestine
450 $w nne $a Arabs in Palestine
450 $w nne $a Palestinian Arabs
450 $a Palestinians
550 $w g $a Palestinians
550 $w g $a Arabs
550 $w g $a Ethnology $z Palestine
906 $t 8722 $u fk05 $v 0
953 $a xx00 $b sf12
952 $a Palestinian Arabs should be split on existing bibliographic records into two headings: Palestinians and Arabs $z Palestine. [?]
The full list of records that would need to be revised: https://id.loc.gov/search/?q=Palestinian%20arab&q=cs%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fid.loc.gov%2Fauthorities%2Fsubjects
Alternative Strategy: retain Palestinian Arabs
010 $a sh 85097188
035 $a (DLC)sh 85097188
035 $a (DLC)93768
040 $a DLC $c DLC $d DLC
150 $a Palestinian Arabs
450 $a Arab Palestinians
450 $a Arabs $z Palestine
450 $w nne $a Arabs in Palestine
450 $a Palestinians
550 $w g $a Palestinians
550 $w g $a Arabs
550 $w g $a Ethnology $z Palestine
906 $t 8722 $u fk05 $v 0
953 $a xx00 $b sf12